Influence of Geographical factors on Indian History
In the north of India, from the Himalayan Mountains to the south, there are three sides of the sea-covered grain plains, sandy forests, plateaus, deep forest, and numerous rivers. The geography and climate of a country especially affect the physical and mental structure of the people of that country. In general, the people of the winter country are hard workers. Accustomed to living in a tolerant and friendly environment. People in relatively poor countries are less accustomed to living in hard-working, tolerant and hostile environments. India's economy has been largely agrarian due to the favourable climate of riverine India's agriculture, fertile land, the production of sufficient agricultural produce with relatively less hard work.
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| Geographical Features of India and Their Impact on Ancient Indian History |
(A) Influence of the Mountain on Indian History
i) The Himalayan mountains stand as a fortified wall on the northern border of India and the Indian subcontinent cools the country's climate by counteracting glacial flows from Central Asia.
ii) The Himalayan Mountains protected India from outside enemy invasion. As a result, it has had the opportunity to separate itself from the external and to build its own civilization and culture.
iii) The snow accumulated in the Himalayas throughout the year has nourished the rivers of northern India. The river-flowing polymati makes the land fertile and the crops shy. Thus, the Himalayas relieved the hunger of the Indians and provided security.
iv) The Himalayan Mountains help the southwestern monsoon to receive adequate rainfall in India.
Judging in all these aspects, India is called the 'Gift of the Himalayas'. For example, Egypt is called the "gift of the Nile".
(B) Influence of the Mountain-defile on Indian History
Through the ghats along Khyber Pass, Jozilla Pass and Nathula Pass, located on the north-west and northeastern frontiers of the Himalayan mountains, the Aryans, Greeks, Shock, Hun Turks, Mughals, and other nations have entered India for expansion and plunder. All these foreign invaders have set fire to the north-western border of India on the one hand, and on the other, they have helped to establish a friendship with the outside world. As a group of foreign fighters have entered India through these Himalayan highways, merchants, missionaries and pilgrims have arrived. By immersing themselves in Indian civilization, these incoming foreign groups have made Indian civilization more prosperous.
(C) Influence of the Vindhyas on Indian History
i) The location of the Vindhya Mountains divides India into the Aravat and the Deccan. In the ancient and Middle Ages, the Vindhya mountain was a major obstacle to easy communication and travel between the Aravat and the Deccan. And that is why South India did not have to be devastated by repeated foreign invasions like North India - which has allowed South India's political stability and trade to flourish at its own pace.
ii) Due to the location of the Vindhya Mountains, the Dravidian culture of the Deccan had an opportunity to develop its own image even in the era of the spread of Aryan culture. In the south, the spirit of literature, music, dance, architecture, art, etc. has exploded.
iii) Although some of the emperors and kings of northern India conquered a large part of southern India and spread the empire, no one could conquer the whole of South India and tie the whole of India together politically for the position of this Vindhya hill.
(D) Influence of the Rivers on Indian History
The rivers flowing from the Indus, the Ganges, the Jamuna, the Brahmaputra and the Himalayas flooded the country. The snow accumulated in the Himalayas nourishes the northern Indian rivers and increases the productivity of the country's agriculture. In ancient times, due to the paucity of roads, the rivers served as a means of transporting goods and goods to people from one region of the country to the other. Most of India's shrines are located along the river. People from all over India gather at the pilgrimage on various occasions and occasions and have strengthened the source of a great amalgamation by changing their culture. The influence of the Tungabhadra, Godavari Kabari and Krishna rivers is particularly noticeable in the life of South India.
(E) Influence of the Plains on Indian History
According to geographical specialty and cultural heritage, India is divided into two parts: (1) Aravat and (2) Deccan.
(1) Aravat: - Aravat is the name of the vast land lying south of the Himalayas. This stretch of land extends south to the Vindhya and Satpura Mountains. The people of Aravat used to live a much quieter life due to the production of sufficient agricultural produce with less labour. And this relaxed life allowed the ancient inhabitants of Aravat to become proficient in the arts and arts, as well as offering rituals, literary works and philosophical and contemplative thought. Throughout the ages, Maurya, Gupta, Kushan, Sultani Mogul, etc. have attained perfection through civilization.
(2) The Deccan: - The Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean have close trade relations with West Asia and the Roman Empire, with many ports on the west coast of South India being surrounded by the three seas. Declining compared to the Aravat, the rise of multiple powers was more pronounced than the establishment of a particular centralized empire in the Deccan.
(F) Influence of the Seas on Indian History
Due to the sea and the Himalayas in the north on the three sides of India, India was somewhat isolated from all over the world and this isolation gave India distinctiveness, so Indian civilization has developed its own image. The merchants of the coastal states have traveled to Sumatra, Java, Bali, Champa, the country with their merchandise and Indian religion and culture are spread in those areas. Trade with the ports on the west coast of India was practiced by Arabs, Persians, and African countries. In 7 AD, the Portuguese sailor Vasco-da-Gama arrived at Calicut port in the west of India with his merchant. European merchants came to trade with India and established their colonies in this country. The inevitable consequence of this was that the rule of India was gone and the political change of India took place in the hands of the British.
(G)) Influence of the Climate on Indian History
The geography and climate of a country especially influence the history of the country and the physical and mental structure of the people. India is located in a temperate zone. With the exception of Punjab, Rajasthan and parts of Uttar Pradesh, India's climate is nowhere near as extreme. In the extreme weather, the people of the country are working hard to survive the war. To be tolerant and hard-working. People in temperate regions do not need that much. Indians are somewhat laborious; He has devoted himself to the practice of religion, philosophy, poetry and literature. Not so in Rajasthan, Punjab. Struggling with extreme weather has created a contagious spirit among them.
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